A CT scan of the upper limbs is an imaging technique used to evaluate the bones, joints, and soft tissues of the arms, including the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand. Here are the key points:

1. Purpose:

Used to assess fractures, joint dislocations, bone lesions, and soft tissue injuries.

Helps in preoperative planning and evaluation of post-traumatic deformities.

2. Contrast Agent:

Typically, no contrast is needed unless vascular assessment or soft tissue differentiation is required.

3. Imaging Technique:

Thin-section cross-sectional images are captured in axial, coronal, and sagittal planes.

3D reconstructions provide detailed visualization of bone anatomy and complex fractures.

4. Indications:

Suspected fractures not clearly visible on X-rays.

Assessment of bone tumors, infections, and joint abnormalities.

Evaluation of ligament and tendon injuries, especially when MRI is contraindicated.

5. Protocol:

Patient positioning is crucial to obtain optimal images; the limb is usually scanned with the patient supine.

Scans may include both the affected limb and the contralateral side for comparison.

6. Key Findings:

Detects complex fractures, bone lesions, and joint dislocations.

Assesses soft tissue involvement like muscle tears, ligamentous injuries, and tendon abnormalities.

7. Advantages:

High-resolution images provide superior bone detail compared to conventional X-rays.

3D reconstructions aid in surgical planning and post-surgical assessment.

8. Safety Considerations:

Limited radiation exposure; contrast use is considered only when necessary, with attention to renal function and allergic history.

9. Clinical Scenarios:

Commonly used in trauma settings for fracture evaluation, tumor assessment, and to guide surgical planning in complex upper limb injuries.

This comprehensive approach makes the CT scan of the upper limbs an essential tool in diagnosing and managing musculoskeletal disorders in the arm, shoulder, and hand.